Which type of stones may be caused by hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperparathyroidism often leads to the formation of calcium stones, which are typically composed of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. This condition causes an increase in calcium levels in the blood, a process known as hypercalcemia, due to heightened parathyroid hormone activity. The excess calcium is filtered through the kidneys, which can lead to supersaturation and subsequent crystallization, resulting in the development of kidney stones.

In the context of types of urinary stones, calcium-based stones are the most closely associated with conditions that elevate calcium levels in the urine, such as hyperparathyroidism. Uric acid stones, cystine stones, and struvite stones have different etiologies that are not primarily related to the disorders affecting calcium metabolism or parathyroid hormone levels. This solidifies why calcium stones are the ones linked with hyperparathyroidism specifically.