Which sign on imaging corresponds to a shadow or density in contact with the pleural space due to lung segment involvement in PE?

The correct response highlights the concept of Hampton's hump, which is a specific radiological finding associated with pulmonary embolism (PE). This sign occurs when there is a triangular or wedge-shaped opacity observed at the lung periphery, representing an area of lung infarction adjacent to the pleura. The presence of an embolus leads to localized ischemia and necrosis of lung tissue, which results in this characteristic shadow.

Understanding the anatomy and pathology involved is crucial. In the case of PE, airflow is obstructed, and the perfusion to the affected lung segment is compromised. As a result, this ischemic zone can develop an infarct, creating a density that is visible on imaging exams, particularly on a chest X-ray or CT scan. This characteristic finding is useful for clinicians in identifying and diagnosing pulmonary embolism and correlating clinical symptoms with imaging results.

Flesichner sign, silhouette sign, and Winter's sign pertain to different pathological processes or conditions. The Fleischner sign depicts pulmonary vascular engorgement and is not specific for PE. The silhouette sign indicates loss of silhouette (or contour) between two adjacent structures on an imaging study, often implying underlying consolidation due to pneumonia, not necessarily PE. Winter's sign is not commonly recognized