Which of the following is a pentad of symptoms that includes renal failure and fever?

The pentad of symptoms that includes renal failure and fever is characteristic of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). TTP is a hematological disorder marked by a severe deficiency in the von Willebrand factor cleaving protease (ADAMTS13), leading to the formation of microvascular thrombi. This condition typically presents with a combination of five key features: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, neurological symptoms, renal failure, and fever.

Renal failure arises due to the obstruction of small blood vessels in the kidneys caused by the microthrombi, which can compromise renal function. Fever can occur as a part of the systemic reaction to widespread cellular damage and the presence of the immune response. The recognition of this pentad is crucial for the timely diagnosis and management of TTP, as it differentiates this condition from other hematological disorders.

The other options do not present this specific combination of symptoms. For instance, hemophilia B primarily presents with bleeding tendencies rather than the symptoms seen in TTP. Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a type of cancer that typically features an increase in white blood cell count and may not directly lead to the acute symptoms found in TTP