Which infection can lead to a butterfly pattern on radiological imaging in immunocompromised patients?

The correct answer pertains to Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), which is known to cause a characteristic "butterfly pattern" on radiological imaging, particularly in the context of immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS. The butterfly pattern is typically identified on chest X-rays or CT scans and is characterized by bilateral ground-glass opacities that resemble the shape of a butterfly when viewed from above. This pattern is suggestive of diffuse alveolar damage and is seen in the setting of Pneumocystis infection due to the organism's propensity to cause interstitial pneumonia.

In immunocompromised individuals, Pneumocystis jirovecii, the causative organism, can take advantage of a weakened immune system, leading to significant pulmonary complications that reveal this distinctive radiological finding. The imaging results serve as an important diagnostic clue, prompting further investigation and often leading to prophylactic or therapeutic measures against PCP in populations at risk.

Other infections listed, while they can affect the lungs of immunocompromised patients, do not typically produce the "butterfly pattern." For instance, histoplasmosis may show nodular or reticular opacities on imaging, aspergillosis often presents with cavitary