Which DMARD can cause retinopathy as a side effect?

Hydroxychloroquine is known to potentially cause retinopathy as a side effect, particularly with long-term use. It is primarily used in the treatment of autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The mechanism behind this is linked to the drug's ability to accumulate in the retina, which can lead to toxicity and subsequent damage if the medication is used over an extended period or at higher doses. Regular ophthalmologic exams are recommended for patients on hydroxychloroquine to monitor for any signs of retinal damage.

In contrast, sulfasalazine, minocycline, and methotrexate do not carry the same risk of retinopathy associated with hydroxychloroquine. While they can have their own unique side effects, retinopathy specifically is not a common concern with those medications.