Which condition is often preceded by oxidative stress and can be triggered by factors such as ingestion of fava beans?

G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) deficiency is a hereditary enzyme disorder that affects red blood cell metabolism. The deficiency results in a lower capacity to handle oxidative stress, which can damage red blood cells. This condition often leads to hemolytic anemia when individuals are exposed to oxidative agents.

Ingestion of fava beans is a classic trigger for hemolytic episodes in people with G6PD deficiency due to the presence of compounds in these beans that create oxidative stress. Other triggers can include certain infections, medications, and fava bean consumption, all of which can induce a hemolytic crisis characterized by fatigue, jaundice, and dark urine.

Understanding this association helps identify G6PD deficiency patients' specific risks. The oxidative stress caused by various factors can lead to the rapid destruction of red blood cells in affected individuals. In contrast, the other conditions listed (such as hemophilia A, sickle cell disease, and multiple myeloma) do not have the same relationship with oxidative stress or specific dietary triggers like fava beans, making G6PD deficiency the correct answer for the question asked.