What term describes the transient loss of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain?

The term that describes a transient loss of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain is syncope. Syncope is often triggered by a variety of factors, including a sudden drop in blood pressure, which can result from standing up too quickly, stress, or dehydration, among others. This brief interruption in blood flow causes the affected individual to lose consciousness temporarily, but typically they recover quickly once blood flow is restored.

In contrast, cardiac arrest involves the heart's inability to pump blood effectively, leading to a complete cessation of blood circulation. A seizure is a sudden and uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, feelings, and consciousness, but it is distinct from the transient loss of consciousness associated with syncope. Shock refers to a clinical syndrome where the body experiences inadequate blood flow, leading to insufficient oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues, but it is a more prolonged and serious state rather than a transient episode. Thus, syncope specifically captures the momentary loss of consciousness linked to decreased cerebral blood flow.