What long-term treatment is commonly used for hypercalcemia?

The commonly used long-term treatment for hypercalcemia is bisphosphonates. These medications are effective in inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, thus reducing the release of calcium from the bones into the bloodstream. This mechanism makes bisphosphonates particularly useful in cases of hypercalcemia related to conditions such as malignancy, primary hyperparathyroidism, or immobilization.

Bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid and pamidronate, are often administered intravenously for rapid correction of hypercalcemia and can result in significant reductions in serum calcium levels. Their long-term use can help manage chronic hypercalcemia by stabilizing calcium levels and preventing potential complications associated with elevated calcium.

In contrast, other options are less suitable or contraindicated for treating hypercalcemia. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors do not influence calcium metabolism. Calcium supplements would exacerbate hypercalcemia rather than alleviate it. Thiazide diuretics can increase serum calcium levels by promoting calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, making them counterproductive in hypercalcemic patients. Therefore, bisphosphonates are the preferred choice for long-term management of hypercalcemia.