What is the primary treatment for symptomatic pituitary adenomas?

The primary treatment for symptomatic pituitary adenomas is the use of dopamine agonists, particularly for tumors that produce prolactin, such as prolactinomas. These medications, including cabergoline and bromocriptine, are effective in reducing tumor size and alleviating symptoms caused by hyperprolactinemia. They work by stimulating dopamine receptors, which helps decrease prolactin levels and, consequently, the size of the adenoma.

In cases of symptomatic pituitary adenomas that are secreting hormones other than prolactin, such as growth hormone or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), dopamine agonists may still have a role; however, surgical intervention is often required as the primary treatment. Nevertheless, dopamine agonists remain the cornerstone for managing prolactin-secreting tumors.

The other options listed do not directly address the treatment of symptomatic pituitary adenomas specifically. Corticosteroids, for example, may be used in management for secondary effects of hormone excess or adrenal insufficiency but are not primary treatments for the adenomas themselves. Thyroid hormone replacement is necessary for patients with thyroid hormone deficiency rather than for pituitary adenomas. Insulin therapy is specifically related to diabetes management and does not have