What is the most common cause of pancreatitis?

To understand why alcohol consumption is the most common cause of pancreatitis, it's important to consider the relationship between alcohol and pancreatic health. Chronic alcohol use leads to repeated episodes of inflammation in the pancreas. This inflammatory process can damage the pancreatic acinar cells, disrupt normal function, and lead to pancreatitis.

Alcohol can also cause spasms in the pancreatic duct and promote the formation of protein plugs that obstruct the ducts, leading to increased pressure within the pancreas and further injury. In cases of heavy or prolonged consumption, alcohol metabolism generates toxic metabolites, which can further contribute to pancreatic damage.

While gallstones are also a significant cause of pancreatitis, particularly in cases of acute pancreatitis, chronic alcohol use is often seen as a more prevalent cause, especially in adults. Additionally, factors like viral infections and metabolic disorders, although they can cause pancreatitis, are less frequently encountered in the general population compared to the widespread issue of alcohol consumption.

The evidence supporting alcohol as a leading cause highlights its role in both acute and chronic pancreatitis, therefore making it a primary focus in discussions about pancreatic disease.