What is the GFR threshold for end-stage kidney disease?

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD), also referred to as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is characterized by a significant decline in kidney function, typically assessed by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The threshold for defining end-stage kidney disease is a GFR of less than 15 mL/min per 1.73 m². At this level of kidney function, the kidneys can no longer effectively remove wastes and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, leading to the need for renal replacement therapy, either through dialysis or kidney transplantation.

The other options indicate levels of kidney function that are considered less severe. A GFR below 30 defines stage 4 chronic kidney disease, while a GFR below 60 indicates stage 3. Therefore, the correct choice reflects the critical point at which the kidneys are no longer able to function sufficiently on their own, necessitating urgent medical intervention.