What is the first-line class of medications used to treat asthma?

The first-line class of medications used to treat asthma is inhaled corticosteroids. This class of medications is the most effective for long-term control of asthma symptoms and for reducing inflammation in the airways. Inhaled corticosteroids work by directly targeting the inflammatory process that is central to asthma, leading to improved lung function and reduced frequency of asthma exacerbations.

Inhaled corticosteroids are preferred due to their potency in controlling chronic inflammation and their relatively favorable safety profile compared to systemic corticosteroids. Regular use of these medications has been shown to decrease asthma-related morbidity and improve patients' quality of life. They are typically recommended for patients with persistent asthma.

Other options such as leukotriene modifiers, theophylline, and cromolyn and nedocromil have roles in asthma management but are not considered first-line treatments for most patients. Leukotriene modifiers may be used as adjunctive therapy or for individuals who cannot use inhaled corticosteroids, while theophylline has a narrower therapeutic window and is less frequently used due to potential side effects. Cromolyn and nedocromil are less commonly prescribed as they are mainly indicated for mild asthma and have been largely replaced by more effective treatments.