What is observed in the urinalysis of a patient with chronic kidney disease?

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the presence of broad waxy casts in the urine is a notable finding in a urinalysis. Broad waxy casts are considered indicative of advanced renal tubular dysfunction and are formed in the dilated renal tubules, which typically occurs in the setting of reduced urine flow and chronic kidney damage. This aligns with the pathophysiology of CKD, where the long-standing deterioration of kidney function results in significant changes to the kidney's structure and physiology.

The formation of broad waxy casts reflects severe and chronic injury to the renal parenchyma, which is characteristic of individuals with more advanced stages of chronic kidney disease. As the kidney disease progresses, the ability to concentrate urine diminishes, leading to the accumulation of these casts, and they serve as a marker of chronic kidney damage, rather than acute processes.

Other options do not accurately reflect typical findings in CKD. Increased glucose levels might suggest conditions such as diabetes mellitus but are not specific to CKD. Transfusion reactions are related to immune responses to incompatible blood transfusions and are not a feature of kidney disease itself. High urine acidity is more commonly associated with conditions causing metabolic acidosis and does not represent a hallmark finding of CKD. Therefore, the