What does CREST stand for in relation to scleroderma?

The term CREST is an acronym that represents a set of specific clinical features associated with a subset of scleroderma known as limited scleroderma or CREST syndrome. The correct components of this acronym are:

• Calcinosis: Refers to the formation of calcium deposits in the skin and other tissues, which can be seen in patients with scleroderma.

• Raynaud's Phenomena: This is characterized by episodes of vasospasm in the fingers and toes, leading to discoloration and pain upon exposure to cold temperatures or stress.

• Esophageal Hypomotility: In scleroderma, the muscles of the esophagus may become weak, leading to difficulties in swallowing and gastroesophageal reflux.

• Sclerodactyly: This describes the thickening and tightening of the skin on the fingers, resulting in a distinctive appearance.

• Telangiectasias: These are small dilated blood vessels that can be visible on the skin, adding to the characteristic appearance of patients with scleroderma.

Each of these features is crucial for the diagnosis and understanding of the manifestations of CREST syndrome, emphasizing the special combination of symptoms that classify patients within this specific subset of scleroderma. The other options