In lung cancer, a Pancoast tumor is typically found in which location?

A Pancoast tumor is a specific type of lung cancer that occurs at the apex of the lung, usually affecting the upper lobe. This location is significant because Pancoast tumors can invade surrounding structures, including the chest wall, brachial plexus, and sympathetic nerves. As a result, patients may present with a unique set of symptoms such as shoulder pain, Horner's syndrome (ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis on the affected side), and atrophy of hand muscles due to nerve involvement.

The association with the upper lobes is crucial, as this distinguishes Pancoast tumors from more centrally located lung cancers or tumors that predominantly affect the lower lobes or extend into the abdomen. Understanding this anatomical and clinical context helps in recognizing and diagnosing Pancoast tumors within the broader spectrum of lung cancer types.